/****************************************************************************
*
*   Since this code originated from code which is public domain, I
*   hereby declare this code to be public domain as well.
*
*   Dave Hylands - dhylands@gmail.com
*
****************************************************************************/
/**
 *
 *   @file   CBUF.h
 *
 *   @defgroup   CBUF Circular Buffer
 *   @{
 *
 *   @brief  A simple and efficient set of circular buffer manipulations.
 *
 *   These macros implement a circular buffer which employs get and put
 *   pointers, in such a way that mutual exclusion is not required
 *   (assumes one reader & one writer).
 *
 *   It requires that the circular buffer size be a power of two, and the
 *   size of the buffer needs to smaller than the index. So an 8 bit index
 *   supports a circular buffer upto ( 1 << 7 ) = 128 entries, and a 16 bit index
 *   supports a circular buffer upto ( 1 << 15 ) = 32768 entries.
 *
 *   The basis for these routines came from an article in Jack Ganssle's
 *   Embedded Muse: http://www.ganssle.com/tem/tem110.pdf
 *
 *   In order to offer the most amount of flexibility for embedded environments
 *   you need to define a macro for the size.
 *
 *   First, you need to name your circular buffer. For this example, we'll
 *   call it @c myQ.
 *
 *   The size macro that needs to be defined will be the name of the
 *   circular buffer followed by @c _SIZE. The size must be a power of two
 *   and it needs to fit in the get/put indicies. i.e. if you use an
 *   8 bit index, then the maximum supported size would be 128.
 *
 *   The structure which defines the circular buffer needs to have 3 members
 *   <tt>m_getIdx, m_putIdx,</tt> and @c m_entry.
 *
 *   @c m_getIdx and @c m_putIdx need to be unsigned integers of the same size.
 *
 *   @c m_entry needs to be an array of @c xxx_SIZE entries, or a pointer to an
 *   array of @c xxx_SIZE entries. The type of each entry is entirely up to the
 *   caller.
 *
 *   @code
 *   #define myQ_SIZE    64
 *
 *   volatile struct
 *   {
 *       uint8_t     m_getIdx;
 *       uint8_t     m_putIdx;
 *       uint8_t     m_entry[ myQ_SIZE ];
 *
 *   } myQ;
 *   @endcode
 *
 *   You could then use CBUF_Push to add a character to the circular buffer:
 *
 *   @code
 *   CBUF_Push( myQ, 'x' );
 *   @endcode
 *
 *   And CBUF_Pop to retrieve an element from the buffer:
 *
 *   @code
 *   ch = CBUF_Pop( myQ );
 *   @endcode
 *
 *   If you happen to prefer to use C++ instead, there is a templatized
 *   version which requires no macros. You just declare 3 template parameters:
 *
 *       - The type that should be used for the index
 *       - The size of the circular buffer
 *       - The type that should be used for the entry
 *
 *   For example:
 *   @code
 *   volatile CBUF< uint8_t, 64, char >   myQ;
 *   @endcode
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

#if !defined( CBUF_H )
#define CBUF_H       /**< Include Guard                          */

/* ---- Include Files ---------------------------------------------------- */

/* ---- Constants and Types ---------------------------------------------- */

/**
 *   Initializes the circular buffer for use.
 */

#define CBUF_Init(cbuf)       cbuf.m_getIdx = cbuf.m_putIdx = 0

/**
 *   Returns the number of elements which are currently
 *   contained in the circular buffer.
 */

#define CBUF_Len(cbuf)        ((typeof( cbuf.m_putIdx ))(( cbuf.m_putIdx ) - ( cbuf.m_getIdx )))

/**
 *   Appends an element to the end of the circular buffer. The
 *   element is expected to be of the same type as the @c m_entry
 *   member.
 */

#define CBUF_Push(cbuf, elem) (cbuf.m_entry)[ cbuf.m_putIdx++ & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )] = (elem)

/**
 *   Retrieves an element from the beginning of the circular buffer
 */

#define CBUF_Pop(cbuf)        (cbuf.m_entry)[ cbuf.m_getIdx++ & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Returns a pointer to the last spot that was pushed.
 */

#define CBUF_GetLastEntryPtr(cbuf) & (cbuf.m_entry)[ ( cbuf.m_putIdx - 1 ) & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Returns a pointer to the next spot to push. This can be used
 *   in conjunction with CBUF_AdvancePushIdx to fill out an entry
 *   before indicating that it's available. It is the caller's
 *   responsibility to enure that space is available, and that no
 *   other items are pushed to overwrite the entry returned.
 */

#define CBUF_GetPushEntryPtr(cbuf) & (cbuf.m_entry)[ cbuf.m_putIdx & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Advances the put index. This is useful if you need to
 *   reserve space for an item but can't fill in the contents
 *   yet. CBUG_GetLastEntryPtr can be used to get a pointer to
 *   the item. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that
 *   the item isn't popped before the contents are filled in.
 */

#define CBUF_AdvancePushIdx(cbuf)  cbuf.m_putIdx++

/**
 *   Advances the get index. This is slightly more efficient than
 *   popping and tossing the result.
 */

#define CBUF_AdvancePopIdx(cbuf)  cbuf.m_getIdx++

/**
 *   Retrieves the <tt>idx</tt>'th element from the beginning of
 *   the circular buffer
 */

#define CBUF_Get(cbuf, idx)        (cbuf.m_entry)[( cbuf.m_getIdx + idx ) & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Retrieves the <tt>idx</tt>'th element from the end of the
 *   circular buffer.
 */

#define CBUF_GetEnd(cbuf, idx)        (cbuf.m_entry)[( cbuf.m_putIdx - idx - 1 ) & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Returns a pointer to the next spot to push.
 */

#define CBUF_GetPopEntryPtr(cbuf) & (cbuf.m_entry)[ cbuf.m_getIdx & (( cbuf ## _SIZE ) - 1 )]

/**
 *   Determines if the circular buffer is empty.
 */

#define CBUF_IsEmpty(cbuf)    ( CBUF_Len(cbuf) == 0 )

/**
 *   Determines if the circular buffer is full.
 */

#define CBUF_IsFull(cbuf)     ( CBUF_Len(cbuf) == ( cbuf ## _SIZE ))

/**
 *   Determines if the circular buffer is currenly overflowed or underflowed.
 */

#define CBUF_Error(cbuf)      ( CBUF_Len(cbuf) > cbuf ## _SIZE )

#if defined( __cplusplus )

template < class IndexType, unsigned Size, class EntryType >
class CBUF
{
public:

CBUF()
{
    m_getIdx = m_putIdx = 0;
}

IndexType Len() const
{
    return m_putIdx - m_getIdx;
}

bool IsEmpty() const
{
    return Len() == 0;
}
bool IsFull() const
{
    return Len() == Size;
}
bool Error() const
{
    return Len() > Size;
}

void Push(EntryType val)
{
    m_entry[ m_putIdx++ & ( Size - 1 )] = val;
}

EntryType Pop()
{
    return m_entry[ m_getIdx++ & ( Size - 1 )];
}

private:

volatile IndexType m_getIdx;
volatile IndexType m_putIdx;
EntryType m_entry[ Size ];

};

#endif  // __cplusplus

/* ---- Variable Externs ------------------------------------------------- */
/* ---- Function Prototypes ---------------------------------------------- */

/** @} */

#endif // CBUF_H